Animal Pulse
The pulse is best taken over a medium sized artery on a firm background. Normally, the pulses smooth and regular and indicates the number of heart beats and the condition of circulation. The pulse is commonly taken.
The pulse is commonly taken-
1.In the horse, over the submaxillary, transverse facial or radial arteries.
2.In the cattle, over the Sub maxillary, on the outer surface of ramus, Posterior Radial, Middle Coccygeal and common digital of the forelimb.
3. in sheep, at the Coccygeal or Femoral.
4. in the pig, dog and cat, only at Femoral artery.
Normal frequency of the pulse per minute in an animal at rest is
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|
Animal |
Normal Frequency of the Pulse |
|
Horse |
36 to 40 |
|
Cattle |
45 to 60 |
|
Sheep and Pig |
70 to 80 |
|
Dog |
80 to 120 |
|
Cat |
120 to 140 |
The pulse should be taken before the animalism much disturbed. The frequency is greater in young animal than in adult or old animals.
The pulse may be frequent in fever, painful conditions, excitement, exercise and haemorrhage.Pulse may be infrequent, when the pulse beats are fewer in number as in heart disease and income affections of the nervous system.
Pulse is intermittent when a beat is missed now and again. These are two forms of intermittence, viz.
(a) Regularly intermittence when the beat is lost at certain definite intervals and is less serious than the irregular intermittence in which the loss occurs at indefinite intervals which is ’serious. Pulse may be arrhythmic when the pulse beats vary in strength and frequency and may indicateValvular disease or Cardiac weakness.
(b) Pulse is strong in hypertrophy of the heart. Weak in degeneration of the heart muscle and soft in debility. Hard pulse is due to tension of the arterial wall. It is noted in severe pain as in Colic.
Wiry pulse is similar to hard pulse but is duet more severe painful conditions - here the pulses small, tense, hard and feels like wire.
Full bounding pulse is noted in inflammatory fevers such as sporadic lymphangitis.
Thread or running down pulse is one in which the pulse beats are small and so frequent that they cannot be properly felt. This pulse points to failing circulation and is noted towards the end of febrile condition.
Collapsing pulse is one in which the rise and fall of the pulse beat is very rapid. It is noted in incompetence of the Aortic Semiltmar valves.
Jugular pulse differs from the ordinary pulse in that it involves the Jugular vein. It consists of wave of distension which is directed forward for a variable distance from the entrance to the chest along with Jugular vein during the early stages of auricular systole. It is not observed in health in horses or in animals other than cattle. In cattle, it is normally small and is one to the small size of the auricle which is unable to return the whole of the blood which passes to it during diastole.
A Jugular pulse is noted in horse in dilatation of right side of the heart and incompetence of the Tricuspid valve. Distention of Jugular veins may also occur in diseases of the lungs in Pericarditis with effusion or from excessive intrathoracic pressure. It is a common feature of traumatic Pericarditis in cattle.