How Do Fish Reproduce?
The first fish appeared in the sea 470 million years ago. Today, more than 20,000 species of fishes have been identified ranging from the great whale shark to the pygmy goby. Fish live in fresh water streams, rivers and lakes and in salt water seas and oceans. Different kinds of fishes have different ways of reproduction some lay eggs while some carry them in their mouths while some are internally fertilized by the male fish. Although most fish leave their eggs and young to look after themselves, some species protect their young.
Basically there are two ways in which fish reproduce:
Live Bearing : In this process the female fish is internally fertilized by male fish and the female carries the fry for about a month before delivering the baby. After delivery, the baby swims away and starts searching for food. Some examples of live bearers are: half beaks, mollies, swordtails, guppies and platies. In these species the female is comparatively larger than the male. The male has a rod like anal fin called gonopodium which is used for internally fertilizing the fish.
Egg laying: The egg laying process may take around 7-10 days. This process is also different among different species.
Different methods of egg laying:
- Species like substrate spawners attach eggs to plants, rocks , wood or even the aquarium glass. Female lays the eggs while the male fertilizes them. Examples are: Killifish, catfish and some cichlids.
- Some species lay eggs in a nest of bubbles which is blown by a male fish. The bubbles look like foam and are held together by saliva. Eggs are laid few at a time. Examples are: Bettas and Gouramis.
- Species like mouth breeders lay few eggs at a time. The female lays eggs while the male fertilizes them the female then gathers them in mouth until the baby fish is released. Examples are: female cichlids and arrowanas.
- In some other species like Salmon spawn the female lays eggs outside her body while the male spreads his sperms on them in the form of a fluid called milt and fertilizes the eggs.
- In sticklebacks the male stickleback makes a nest and attracts the females by doing a zigzag dance. The female lays her eggs in the nest and the male fertilizes them. He then protects the nest until the young hatch and are ready to feed themselves.
- In the case of seahorses the female transfers 200 fertilized eggs within 10 seconds of mating into the brood pouch of male. The male carries them around for four weeks until they are ready to hatch. The male then 'gives birth' and the young seahorses swim away.
- Some sharks like dog fish lay eggs in a egg case while others bear live young.
- The Atlantic salmon lays its eggs in upland streams. The young called 'parr' live there for three years then they are called smolt. The smolt swims down river to sea and travel across the Atlantic. At maturity the salmon returns to spawn in the same stream where they hatched.
So, these are the different ways in which the fish reproduce and they are surely as surprising as the creature itself.
Adult fishes reproduce in the similar way as the higher animals. The male fish produces sperms while the female fish produces eggs. These sperms and eggs combine to form a new individual which contains all the genetic matter which comes from both parents. Depending on the species, the eggs can be fertilized internally or externally. Some of the marine fish species are hermaphrodites. Hermaphrodites are the species that have both female and male reproductive organs.
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